Objective To explore the characteristics of a pilocarpine-induced mouse model of spontaneous seizures (SS), and to observe the changes of neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of dentate gyrus after seizure activities.Methods A pilocarpine-induced mouse model of spontaneous seizures was prepared. The behavioral characteristics were observed with continuous camera recording. The changes of NPC in the hippocampus were examined, with doubleortin (DCX) immunohistochemitry at different time points after status epilepticus (SE) in mice with continuous SS. The protein levels of DCX at different time points were determined by Western blot.Results Eighty percent of the mice with SE presented with SS. These mice began to show consistent SS after an average latent period of 3-10 days, which usually lasted 10-40 seconds at a frequency of 2.18±0.45 per week. Both the DCX-labeling cells and their protein expression increased in the SGZ of SS mice (P<0.05), peaked at 4 weeks after SE, and began to decrease at 8 weeks after SE. At 12 weeks after SE, the DCX-labeling cells and their protein expression were significantly reduced. The increased DCX⁺ cells proliferated in clusters, and then migrated to different areas with the increasing time. The mice with continuous SS after SE had more increased DCX⁺ cells in the SGZ than the mice without SS after SE. Conclusions The pilocarpine-incduced mouse model of SS showed continuous NPC proliferation, which may play an important role in epileptogenesis during the chronic period.